acetic acid

密度：1.048

熔点：16-16.5℃

沸点：117-118℃

折射率：1.3715

闪光点：40℃

蒸汽压：13.9±0.2 mmHg at 25°C

PSA：37.30000

logP：0.09090

溶解度：alcohol: miscible(lit.)

Λ：λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05λ: 270 nm Amax: 0.02λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.01λ: 500 nm Amax: 0.01

黏性：1.056 mPa-s at 25 deg C

蒸汽密度：2.07 (vs air)

外观：透明液体

大气OH速率常数：7.40e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

存储：1.用铝合金桶或塑料桶包装。大量的运输由铁路槽车完成，有时也用驳船运输乙酸。乙酸贮运时应远离火种、热源，不可与氧化剂、碱类物品共贮混运。贮存乙酸的容器要注意密封，注意防火、防爆。

2.储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。冬季应保持库温高于16℃，以防凝固。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、碱类分开存放，切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

自燃温度：426 °C

致癌性：Acetic acid is a very weak tumorpromoter in a multistage mouse skin model for chemicalcarcinogenesis, but was very effective in enhancing cancerdevelopment when applied during the progression phase ofthe model. Female SENCAR mice were initiated witha topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene and2 weeks later were promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, twice weekly for 16 weeks. Topical treatmentwith acetic acid started 4 weeks later (40 mg glacial aceticacid in 200mL acetone, twice weekly) and continued for30 weeks. Before treatment with acetic acid, each group ofmice had approximately the same number of papillomas atthe exposure site. After 30 weeks of treatment, mice treatedwith acetic acid had a 55% greater conversion of skinpapillomas to carcinomas than vehicle-treated mice. Selectivecytotoxicity to certain cells within the papilloma and acompensatory increase in cell proliferation were consideredthe most probable mechanism.

化学性质：Acetic acid, CH3COOH, is a colorless, volatile liquid at ambient temperatures. The pure compound, glacial acetic acid, owes its name to its ice-like crystalline appearance at 15.6°C. As generally supplied, acetic acid is a 6 N aqueous solution (about 36%) or a 1 N solution (about 6%). These or other dilutions are used in adding appropriate amounts of acetic acid to foods. Acetic acid is the characteristic acid of vinegar, its concentration ranging from 3.5 to 5.6%. Acetic acid and acetates are present in most plants and animal tissues in small but detectable amounts. They are normal metabolic intermediates, are produced by such bacterial species as Acetobacter and can be synthesized completely from carbon dioxide by such microorganisms as Clostridium thermoaceticum. The rat forms acetate at the rate of 1% of its body weight per day.

物理属性：Acetic acid is a weak carboxylic acid with a pungent odor that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It was probably the first acid to be produced in large quantities. The name acetic comes from acetum, which is the Latin word for “sour” and relates to the fact that acetic acid is responsible for the bitter taste of fermented juices.

颜色：性状

腐蚀性：Corrosive organic acid

分解：When heated to decomposition it emits irritating fumes.

可燃性：Acetic acid is a combustible substance (NFPA rating = 2). Heating can releasevapors that can be ignited. Vapors or gases may travel considerable distances toignition source and "flash back." Acetic acid vapor forms explosive mixtures withair at concentrations of 4 to 16% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemicalextinguishers should be used for acetic acid fires.

燃烧热：874.2 kJ/mol

汽化热：23.36 at 25 deg C; 23.70 kJ/mol at 117.9 deg C;

亨利法律常量：1.00e-07 atm-m3/mole 电离电位：10.66 eV 气味：Strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor detectable at 0.2 to 1.0 ppm 气味阈值：0.006ppm pH值：Aqueous solution 1.0 molar = 2.4; 0.1 molar = 2.9; 0.01 molar = 3.4 物理属性：无色透明液体，有刺激性气味。 与水、乙醇、苯和乙醚混溶，不溶于二硫化碳。 酸度系数（pka）：4.74(at 25℃) 溶解性：溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、甘油，不溶于二硫化碳。[16] 光谱特性：MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 208 NM (LOG E= 1.5)
SADTLER REF NUMBER: 76 (IR, PRISM; V8 (NMR))
Index of refraction: 1.3720 @ deg C/D
IR: 4819 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
UV: 4-3 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
RAMAN: 407 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 34542 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database 1990 version)
1H NMR: 8 (Varian Associates NMR spectra collection)
13C NMR: 7 (Johnson and Jankowski, Carbon-13 NMR Spectra, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
Intense mass spectral peaks: 43 m/z, 60 m/z 稳定性：

1.纯乙酸在16℃以下时，能结成冰状固体，故称冰醋酸 。当水加到乙酸中，混合后的总体积变小，密度增加。分子比为1：1，进一步稀释，不再发生上述体积的改变。有刺激性气味。

2.化学性质：乙酸具弱酸性（Ka＝1.75×10-5，25℃），能与碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠作用成盐。与三氯化磷、五氯化磷或亚硫酰氯作用时生成酰氯。与脱水剂一起加热生成乙酸酐。在浓硫酸催化下与醇反应生成酯。与氨、碳酸铵或胺作用生成酰胺。乙酸的钠盐与碱石灰共热时生成甲烷。乙酸的钙、钡、锰、铅盐强热时生成丙酮。乙酸的α-氢原子活泼，容易被卤素取代生成α-卤代乙酸。

3.低浓度的乙酸无毒，但当其水溶液或在溶剂中的浓度超过50%时，对皮肤就有强烈的腐蚀性，对眼、食道及胃有强烈的刺激作用，能引起呕吐，甚至死亡。对小鼠和家兔的经口LD50分别为3310mg/kg和1200mg/kg,工作场所乙酸的 允许浓度为10*10-6。吸入乙酸者应立即离开现场，呼吸新鲜空气。当乙酸触及皮肤时，应立即用大量清水或２％的碳酸氢钠溶液冲洗。误服时用温水或2.5％的氧化镁溶液洗胃，禁止用碳酸氢钠溶液洗胃，应立即送医院 。

4.无水乙酸俗称冰醋酸，在16oC以下凝固，凝固时体积膨胀。普通的乙酸含纯乙酸36%。

5.稳定性 稳定

6.禁配物 碱类、强氧化剂

7.聚合危害 不聚合